十字架のキリスト|エル・グレコ（本名ドメニコス・テオトコプーロス） |所蔵作品検索

更新日 2024.04.11 | 11 April 2024

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常設展

エル・グレコ（本名ドメニコス・テオトコプーロス）

カンディア, 1541年 - トレード, 1614年

El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos, called)

Candia, 1541 - Toledo, 1614

十字架のキリスト Christ on the Cross

材質・技法・形状	油彩、カンヴァス
寸法（cm）	95.5 x 61
署名・年記	中央下に署名: domhnïkos / qeotokopulos / epoiei
Standard ref.	Mayer 96; Manzini 61e
分類	絵画
所蔵番号	P.1974-0001

　揺らめく炎のように引き伸ばされた人体、荒々しい筆致、超自然的な色彩などにエル・グレコ晩年の様式を伝える作品です。彼は後半生をスペインのトレドで過ごし制作しましたが、ギリシャのクレタ島で生まれイコン画家として活躍、その後ヴェネツィアでティツィアーノやヤコポ・バッサーノの影響下に西欧絵画の技法を習得、まず細密画家として評判を得ました。彼のヴェネツィア滞在は、ヤコポの息子レアンドロ・バッサーノがヴェネツィア近郊バッサーノの父の工房で修業を始めたであろう時期と重なります。　エル・グレコのこうした晩年の境地は、一見したところイコン画ともはや何の関係もないように見えます。しかし近年の研究では、エル・グレコの非写実性は、イコン画を生んだビザンチン美術の造形に深く根ざしたものであると論じられています。事実、細長い人体や書割のような風景表現などは、15世紀後半のクレタ島で活躍したリッツォスのイコン画にも共通する要素です。（出典: 展示室作品解説パネル）

来歴

Duc d'Albe; Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, 1926; Hermann Eisner, Wien; Wildenstein, New York, 1961; Wildenstein Tokyo, Tokyo, 1973; Purchased by the NMWA, 1974.

展覧会歴

1962: The Arts of Man: a Selection from Ancient to Modern Times, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 1962年10月6日-1962年12月31日, cat. no. 4, repr.
1973: 開設披露展　ルネッサンスからフォーヴまで, ウィルデンシュタイン東京, 1973年1月18日-1973年3月16日, cat. no. 2
1986: エル・グレコ展, 国立西洋美術館, 1986年10月18日-1986年12月14日, cat. no. 46, col. repr.
1991: からだのイメージ―西洋と日本の人体表現：近世から現代へ, 静岡県立美術館, 1991年10月19日-1991年12月1日, cat. no. Ⅰ-5, col. repr.
2005: よみがえる須磨コレクション――スペイン美術の500年, 長崎県美術館, 2005年4月23日-2005年6月5日, cat. no. 32, col. repr.
2012: エル・グレコ展, 国立国際美術館, 2012年10月16日-2012年12月24日, 東京都美術館, 2013年1月19日 - 4月7日, cat. no. 37, col. repr.
2014: 橋本コレクション　指輪　神々の時代から現代まで ― 時を超える輝き, 国立西洋美術館企画展示室, 2014年7月8日-2014年9月15日, cat. no. 165

文献歴

1926: Mayer, August L. Dominico Theotocopuli, El Greco: kritisches und illustriertes Verzeichnis des Gesamtwerkes. München, F. Hanfstaengl, 1926, cat. no. 96, repr. p. 19.
1931: Mayer, August L. El Greco. Berlin, Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1931, p. 114.
1937: Legendre, M.; Hartmann, A. Domenico Theotocopouli dit El Greco. Paris, Hyperion, [1937], repr. p. 220.
1950: Camón Aznar, José. Dominico Greco. 1st. ed., Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1950, tomo 1, p. 654, fig. 499, tomo 2, cat. no. 175.
1958: Gaya Nuño, Juan Antonio. La pintura española fuera de España. Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1958, pp. 205-206, no. 1417.
1962: Wethey, Harold E. El Greco and His School. vol. 2, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1962, p. 176, cat. no. X-50.
1963: Dallas News. 30. 9. 1963, col. repr.
1969: Manzini, Gianna; Frati, Tiziana. L'opera completa del Greco. Milano, Rizzoli, 1969, cat. no. 61e, repr.
1970: Camón Aznar, José. Domenico Greco. 2nd. ed., Madrid, 1970, tomo 1, p. 662, fig. 542.
1971: Gudiol, José. Doménikos Theotokópoulos, El Greco, 1541-1614. Barcelona, 1971, cat no. 120, fig. 143.
1975: 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 国立西洋美術館, 1975, no. 11, repr.
1975: Gazette des Beaux-Arts. ser. 6, tome 85, Mar. 1975. "Chronique des Arts", p. 67, no. 258, repr.
1976: 国立西洋美術館年報. No. 9 (1974), 1976, 山田智三郎. [作品解説]. pp. 4-5. 新収作品目録. pp. 6-7, col repr. p. 2.
1978: 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 国立西洋美術館, 1978, no. 11, repr.
1979: 国立西洋美術館総目録: 絵画篇. 東京, 国立西洋美術館, 1979, no. 137, repr.
1986: エル・グレコ展 (exh. cat.). 国立西洋美術館編. [東京], 東京新聞, 1986, pp. 168, 211-212, cat. no. 46, col. repr.
1991: からだのイメージ：西洋と日本の人体表現：近世から現代へ (exh. cat.). 静岡県立美術館編. [静岡], 静岡県立美術館, 1991, pp. 31, 171-172, 232, cat. no. 1-5, col. repr.
2005: よみがえる須磨コレクション : スペイン美術の500年 (exh. cat.). 福満葉子編. [長崎], 長崎県美術館, 2005, cat. no. 32, col. repr.
2006: 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 国立西洋美術館; 東京, 西洋美術振興財団, 2006, no. 23, col. repr.
2009: Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2009, no. 23, col. repr.
2009: Marías, Fernando. Luces y Sombras de Una Pasión: Zuloaga y El Greco. Cuadernos De Arte De La Universidad De Granada. no. 40, 2009, pp. 317-352
2012: エル・グレコ展(exh. cat.). [東京], NHK; NHKプロモーション; 朝日新聞社, 2012, cat. no. 37, col. repr.
2013: 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 西洋美術振興財団, 2013, no. 30, col. repr.
2021: 山形で考える西洋美術|高岡で考える西洋美術—「ここ」と「遠く」が触れるとき (exh. cat.). 新藤淳責任編集. 東京, 国立西洋美術館, 2021, pp. 75, 178, cat. no. Y2_28 | T2_31, col. repr.

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On Display

Permanent collection

El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos, called)

Candia, 1541 - Toledo, 1614

Christ on the Cross

Materials and Techniques	oil on canvas
Size（cm）	95.5 x 61
Inscriptions	Signed lower center: domhnïkos / qeotokopulos / epoiei
Credit Line	Purchased
Standard ref.	Mayer 96; Manzini 61e
Category	Paintings
Collection Number	P.1974-0001

El Greco created a number of Christ on the Cross paintings throughout his life. Many examples of the type seen here with its dramatic background filled with black, roiling clouds, can be found amongst the works of both El Greco and his followers. The background motifs, namely the combination of figures on horseback and buildings, were rendered in various different combinations. In all instances, however, the figure of Christ is shown in elongated form, and the elegant curve of his body along with his facial expression reveal more religious ecstasy than suffering. The church seen on the distant hill is San Lorenzo Monastery, constructed in El Escorial by Phillip II. The selection of this background element is particularly fascinating given that El Greco was estranged from Phillip II and was not commissioned by him to participate in the decoration of that monastery. Paintings of Christ on the Cross by El Greco with the same depiction of the figure of Christ and background exist in many large and small variations, located today throughout the world. One of these works, a large-scale image today in the Cleveland Museum of Art, is particularly impressive. However, the Cleveland image background shows only the tops of a forest and the tower of San Lorenzo Monastery, without any inclusion of the figures on horseback riding up a hill or skull and bones. These factors indicate that the Cleveland work was not the model for the NMWA work. This painting was created sometime after El Greco's arrival in Spain, when he had switched from his more corporeal images to an elongated, thin human proportion, a stronger flow to his curving lines and his almost impressionistic, rough brushstrokes. Given these various characteristics, this work can probably be considered a late period work, although it is quite hard to definitely confirm that the painting is by El Greco himself. It is clear that the fluttering drapery of Christ's loincloth is not by El Greco himself, and there is a dryness about the other brushwork overall that differs from another high-quality small-scale version (Ex-Gutzwiller Family, Paris). Further, there is some loss of sharpness in the expression of the background sky, an area in which El Greco excelled. If El Greco's hand is apparent in this work, it is only a bit, and overall the work should be considered a high-quality workshop production. Further research is needed on this question of attribution. (Source: Masterpieces of the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 2009, cat. no. 23)

Provenance

Duc d'Albe; Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, 1926; Hermann Eisner, Wien; Wildenstein, New York, 1961; Wildenstein Tokyo, Tokyo, 1973; Purchased by the NMWA, 1974.

Exhibition History

1962: The Arts of Man: a Selection from Ancient to Modern Times, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 6 October 1962 - 31 December 1962, cat. no. 4, repr.
1973: Inaugural exhibition, From Renaissance to Fauvism, Wildenstein, Tokyo, 18 January 1973 - 16 March 1973, cat. no. 2
1986: El Greco, National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 18 October 1986 - 14 December 1986, cat. no. 46, col. repr.
1991: The Image of Human Body in the Past and Present, Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, 19 October 1991 - 1 December 1991, cat. no. Ⅰ-5, col. repr.
2005: The Suma Collection Revisited: 500 Years of Spanish Art, Nagasaki Prefectual Art Museum, 23 April 2005 - 5 June 2005, cat. no. 32, col. repr.
2012: El Greco's Visual Poetics, National Museum of Art, Osaka , 16 October 2012 - 24 December 2012, Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, 19 January - 7 April 2013, cat. no. 37, col. repr.
2014: The Rings from The Hashimoto Collection of The National Museum of Western Art, The National Museum of Western Art, 8 July 2014 - 15 September 2014, cat. no. 165

Bibliography

1926: Mayer, August L. Dominico Theotocopuli, El Greco: kritisches und illustriertes Verzeichnis des Gesamtwerkes. München, F. Hanfstaengl, 1926, cat. no. 96, repr. p. 19.
1931: Mayer, August L. El Greco. Berlin, Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1931, p. 114.
1937: Legendre, M.; Hartmann, A. Domenico Theotocopouli dit El Greco. Paris, Hyperion, [1937], repr. p. 220.
1950: Camón Aznar, José. Dominico Greco. 1st. ed., Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1950, tomo 1, p. 654, fig. 499, tomo 2, cat. no. 175.
1958: Gaya Nuño, Juan Antonio. La pintura española fuera de España. Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1958, pp. 205-206, no. 1417.
1962: Wethey, Harold E. El Greco and His School. vol. 2, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1962, p. 176, cat. no. X-50.
1963: Dallas News. 30. 9. 1963, col. repr.
1969: Manzini, Gianna; Frati, Tiziana. L'opera completa del Greco. Milano, Rizzoli, 1969, cat. no. 61e, repr.
1970: Camón Aznar, José. Domenico Greco. 2nd. ed., Madrid, 1970, tomo 1, p. 662, fig. 542.
1971: Gudiol, José. Doménikos Theotokópoulos, El Greco, 1541-1614. Barcelona, 1971, cat no. 120, fig. 143.
1975: Les cent chefs-d'œuvre du Musée National d'Art Occidental. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art, 1975 (Japanese), no. 11, repr.
1975: Gazette des Beaux-Arts. ser. 6, tome 85, Mar. 1975. "Chronique des Arts", p. 67, no. 258, repr.
1976: Bulletin Annuel du Musée National d’Art Occidental. No. 9 (1974), 1976, Nouvelles acquisitions, par Chisaburoh F. Yamada, pp. 4-5. Nouvelles acquisitions (catalogue). pp. 6-7, col repr. p. 2.
1978: Masterpieces of the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art, 1978 (Japanese, preface in Japanese and English), no. 11, repr.
1979: The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo: Catalogue of paintings. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art, 1979, no. 137, repr.
1986: El Greco Exhibition (exh. cat.). The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, ed. [Tokyo], The Tokyo Shimbun, 1986, pp. 168, 211-212, cat. no. 46, col. repr.
1991: The Image of Human Body in the Past and Present (exh. cat.). Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, ed. [Shizuoka], Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, 1991 , pp. 31, 171-172, 232, cat. no. 1-5, col. repr.
2005: The Suma Collection Revisited: 500 Years of Spanish Art (exh. cat.). Fukumitsu, Yoko, ed. [Nagasaki], Nagasaki Prefectual Art Museum, 2005, cat. no. 32, col. repr.
2006: Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2006 (Japanese, preface in Japanese and English), no. 23, col. repr.
2009: Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2009, no. 23, col. repr.
2009: Marías, Fernando. Luces y Sombras de Una Pasión: Zuloaga y El Greco. Cuadernos De Arte De La Universidad De Granada. no. 40, 2009, pp. 317-352
2012: エル・グレコ展(exh. cat.). [東京], NHK; NHKプロモーション; 朝日新聞社, 2012, cat. no. 37, col. repr.
2013: Masterpieces: The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2013 (Japanese, preface in Japanese and English), no. 30, col. repr.
2021: When Here and Afar Meet: Western Art in Yamagata/Western Art in Takaoka (exh. cat.). Shinfuji, Atsushi, ed. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 2021, pp. 75, 178, cat. no. Y2_28 | T2_31, col. repr.

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