地獄の門|オーギュスト・ロダン |所蔵作品検索

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オーギュスト・ロダン

パリ, 1840年 - ムードン, 1917年

Auguste Rodin

Paris, 1840 - Meudon, 1917

地獄の門 The Gates of Hell

制作年	1880-90年頃/1917年（原型）、1930-33年（鋳造）
材質・技法・形状	ブロンズ
寸法（cm）	540 x 390 x 100
所蔵経緯	松方コレクション
Standard ref.	M1293
分類	彫刻
所蔵番号	S.1959-0045

1880年、ロダンは新しく建設される予定のパリの装飾美術館のために入口の門扉の制作を政府から依頼された。ダンテの熱烈な愛読者であり、既に1876年に『神曲』に取材した群像《ウゴリーノと息子たち》を制作していた彼は、ためらうことなくこの門扉を「『神曲』を表わした低浮彫」の連作によって作りあげようと決心をした。そして構成の形式をフィレンツェ洗礼堂のギベルティの《天国の門》にならって、直ちに制作にとりかかった。最初の構想スケッチでは、左右の扉がそれぞれ縦に四つのパネルに区切られ、全体で8面の浮彫によって「地獄篇」の情景が表現され、中央に巨像が置かれる構成であった。しかし、想を練るにつれてダンテの神学的秩序は失われ、次第に渾沌たる世界に変わっていった。ダンテよりも、むしろボードレールの『悪の華』に表現された人間自身の「地獄」の世界に踏み入って行ったと言えよう。石膏着彩の《「地獄の門」のマケット（第三構想）》は、粘土による立体的な習作の第三段階、すなわち最終的な構想を示しているが、主題内容の変化とともに構成形式も渾沌とした様相に変貌し、ほぼブロンズの完成作の全体が姿を現わしている。ダンテに取材したモチーフは最早「パオロとフランチェスカ」と「ウゴリーノと息子たち」の2つに限られ、門の中央には「詩作にふけるダンテ」に代わり、《考える人》が置かれている。以後、ロダンは終生この大作の制作に取り組み、彼の多くの独立した作品が《地獄の門》に関連して生み出された。タンパンの中央に坐って墜ち行く人々を凝視する男は《考える人》であり、門の頂に立つ《三つの影》は《アダム》と密接な関係を持っている。タンパンの右端に《立てるフォーネス》と《瞑想》、左手に《オルフェウスとマイナスたち》のマイナスたち。右扉の下部に《フギット・アモール》、左扉中央に《ネレイスたち》、左の付け柱に浮彫の《美しかりオーミエール》、その柱の上に《うちひしがれたカリアティード》、右の付け柱の上部に《私は美しい》の浮彫があり、この二人の男女を離したものが《考える人》の左の《うずくまる女》と左扉の上部から身をのけぞらせる男である。この大モニュメントは、しかし結局実際には使用されず、ロダンの生前にブロンズに鋳造されることもなかった。1920年代になって漸く鋳造が実現し、最近の鋳造を含め現在世界に七つのブロンズが存在する。（出典: 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 国立西洋美術館, 2006. cat. no. 129、一部文言修正）

来歴

松方幸次郎氏購入; 1944年フランス政府が接収; 1959年フランス政府より寄贈返還

展覧会歴

1960: 松方コレクション名作選抜展, 国立西洋美術館, 1960年5月14日-1960年7月10日, S-45
1966: ロダン展: 没後50年記念, 国立西洋美術館, 1966年7月23日-1966年9月11日, cat. no. 12
1989: ロダン「地獄の門」展: 開館30周年記念展, 国立西洋美術館 , 1989年10月21日-1989年12月17日, cat. no. 1
2006: ロダンとカリエール, 国立西洋美術館, 2006年3月7日-2006年6月4日, cat. no. 69
2012: 手の痕跡：国立西洋美術館所蔵作品を中心としたロダンとブールデルの彫刻と素描, 国立西洋美術館, 2012年11月3日-2013年1月27日, cat. no. 65
2019: 松方コレクション展：国立西洋美術館開館60周年記念, 国立西洋美術館, 2019年6月11日-2019年9月23日, cat. no. 78, col. repr.

文献歴

1890: Mabilleau, Léopold. Le Salon du Champ de Mars. Gazette des Beaux-Arts. vol. 4, ser. 3, 1890, pp. 474-493.
1900: Fontainas, André, Revue de mois, art moderne. Mercure de France. Vol. 35, Juillet 1900, pp 268-270.
1900: Geffroy, Gustave. Auguste Rodin et son œuvre. La Plume, 1900, p. 36.
1901: Mauclair, Camille. The Decorative Sculpture of Auguste Rodin. The International Monthly. London, Februay 1901, pp. 176-177.
1918: Morey, Charles Rufus. The Art of Auguste Rodin. Art Bulletin. No. 4, September 1918 , pp. 149-150.
1924: Bénédite, Léonce. Le Musée Rodin: Catalogue sommaire des œuvres d'Auguste Rodin et autres œuvres d'art de la donation Rodin. Paris, 1924, no. 256.
1935: Roger-Marx, Claude. Le tableau de salon. Avant la destruction d'un Monde. 1935, p. 180.
1937: Bourdelle, Antoine. La sculpture et Rodin. Emile-Paul, 1937, pp. 141-144.
1960: Elsen, Albert E. Rodin's Gate of Hell. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1960
1965: Elsen, Albert. Auguste Rodin: Reading on his Life and Work. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall; Englewood Cliffs, 1965 , pp. 66-80.
1966: Sutton, Denys. Triumphant Satyr: The World of Auguste Rodin. New York, Hawthorn Books, 1966, no. 15.
1967: Descharnes, Robert. Auguste Rodin. Paris, Edita Lausanne, 1967, pp. 68-105.
1967: Champigneulle, Bernard. Rodin. London, Thames and Hadson, 1967, pp. 127-149.
1969: Jianou, lonel; Goldscheider, C. Rodin. Paris, Arted Editions d'Art, 1969, p. 87, no. 12.
1976: Tancock, John L. The Sculpture of Auguste Rodin. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1976, no. 1.
1977: De Caso; Jacques et Patricia Sanders. Rodin's sculpture: A Critical Study of the Spreckels collection. San Francisco, The Fine Arts Museum, 1977, pp. 121-129.
1980: Elsen, Albert E. In Rodin's Studio: A Photographic Record of Sculpture in the Making. Oxford, Phaidon, 1980, p. 164, no. 18.
1981: Elsen, Albert E. "The Gates of Hell: What they are about and something of their history". Rodin Rediscovered (exh. cat.). Washington, National Gallery of Art, 1981, pp. 63-79.
1983: Schmoll-Eisenwerth J. A. Rodin-Studien. Munich, Prestel-Verlag, 1983, pp. 215-232.
1986: Lampert, Catherine. Rodin Sculpture and Drawing. London, Arts Council of Great Britain, 1986, pp. 43-182.
1987: Facos, Michelle; Ambrosini, Lynne. Rodin: The Cantor Gift to the Brooklyn Museum. New York, The Brooklyn Museum, 1987, pp. 60-93.
1988: ロダン展: 国立西洋美術館所蔵. 国立西洋美術館学芸課編. 倉吉博物館, 1988, nos. 12-23.
1989: ロダン: 地獄の門展: 開館30周年記念特別展. [東京], 国立西洋美術館, 1989
1990: 神戸市立博物館編. 松方コレクション西洋美術総目録. 神戸, 「松方コレクション展」実行委員会, 1990, cat. no. S-59.
1991: Auguste Rodin: Das Höllentor: Zeichnungen und Plastik (exh. cat.). München, Prestel-Verlag, 1991
1993: Butler, Ruth. Rodin: The Shape of Genius. New Heaven/ London, Yale University Press, 1993, pp. 141-149, 151-157, 214-225.
1993: Martinez, Rose-Marie. Rodin: L'artiste face à l'état. Nouvelles éditions Séguier, 1993, pp. 174-176.
1994: アルバート・E. エルセン. "ロダンの《地獄の門》におけるモダニティ". シンポジウム: ロダン芸術におけるモダニティ. 静岡県立美術館, 1994, pp. 17-25.
1994: Levkoff, Mary L. Rodin in his Time. Los Angeles, Museum Associates; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1994, pp. 54-57.
1994: ロダン館. 静岡県立美術館, 1994, pp. 68-75.
1996: Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette. Rodin: le musée et ses collections. Paris, Éditions Scala; Musée Rodin, 1996, pp. 33-43.
1997: Rodin and Michelangelo: A Study in Artistic Inspiration. Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1997, pp. 44-47, 60-67, 212-215.
1999: Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette. Rodin: La Porte de l'Enfer. Paris, Musée Rodin, 1999
2001: Rodin en 1900: l'exposition de l'alma (exh. cat.). Musée du Luxembourg, 12 March - 15 July 2001, Paris, Réunion des musées nationaux, 2001, no. 81.
2001: Rodin Sculpture and Drawings (exh. cat.). Canberra, National Gallery of Australia, 2001, pp. 26-41.
2001: Audeh, Aida. "Rodin's Gates of Hell: Sculptural illustration od Dante's Divine Comedy". Rodin A Magnificent Obsession. Ross, Iain; Snow, Anthea eds. London, Merrell, 2001, pp. 93-126.
2002: Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette. Rodin: La porte de l'enfer. Paris, Editions du musée Rodin, 2002
2003: Elsen, Albert. Rodin's Art: The Rodin Collection of the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University. Barryte, Bernard ed. New York, Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 40-53, 155-174, no. 37.
2004: Mitchell, Claudine. Rodin: The Zola of Sculpture. Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing, 2004, pp. 24-28, 73-94.
2005: アントワネット・ル・ノルマン=ロマン. "地獄の門: ロダンのライフワーク". ロダン事典. 京都, 淡交社, 2005, pp. 114-128.
2005: ロダン事典. 京都, 淡交社, 2005, pp. 354-355, no. 18.
2006: 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 国立西洋美術館; 東京, 西洋美術振興財団, 2006, no. 129, repr.
2009: Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2009, no. 129, repr.
2013: 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 西洋美術振興財団, 2013, no. 129, col. repr.
2019: 松方コレクション：西洋美術全作品. 川口雅子; 陳岡めぐみ編. 第2巻　彫刻・素描・版画・工芸その他, 東京, 国立西洋美術館, 2019, cat. no. 1293, col. repr.
2019: 松方コレクション展：国立西洋美術館開館60周年記念 (exh. cat.). 陳岡めぐみ責任編集. 東京, 国立西洋美術館; 読売新聞東京本社; NHK; NHKプロモーション, 2019, pp. 160-161, 362, cat. no. 78, col. repr.

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Photo by (c) Norihiro Ueno

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Auguste Rodin

Paris, 1840 - Meudon, 1917

The Gates of Hell

Date	c. 1880-90/1917 (model), 1930-33 (cast)
Materials and Techniques	bronze
Size（cm）	540 x 390 x 100
Credit Line	Matsukata Collection
Standard ref.	M1293
Category	Sculptures
Collection Number	S.1959-0045

In 1880 Rodin was commissioned by the government to create a set of doors for the entrance of the newly planned construction of the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris. A fervent reader of Dante, Rodin had already created a group work in 1876 entitled Ugolino and his Sons based on the Divine Comedy, and without hesitation, he decided to create a series of "low reliefs depicting the Divine Comedy" for the doors. He immediately began from work on the project, basing his compositional forms on Ghiberti's Gates of Heaven on the Baptistry in Florence. In his first preparatory sketches, Rodin divided the right and left doors into four vertically arranged panels with scenes from "Hell" shown in low relief over the eight panels with a giant figure placed in the center. However he lost Dante's mythical order and it descended into a chaotic world. Rather than Dante's world, he has entered the Hell found in man's mind, expressed in Baudelaire's poetry, Les Fleurs du Mal. The third stage of the 3-D clay model, which became the gate's final composition, can be seen in the colored plaster cast model. Both the content and the compositional forms have been transformed into chaos in this final version, which generally represents the forms of the completed bronze work. For the rest of his life Rodin was involved in the creation of this work, and he created numerous works which are independent from The Gates of Hell. The man sitting on the center of the tympanum staring down at the figures descending to hell is The Thinker, and The Three Shades standing on top of The Gatse are closely related to the form of Adam. Meditation and Standing Fauness on the right edge of the tympanum and Orpheus and the Maenads stand on the left hand. In the lower part of the right door, Fugit Amor, and in the center of the left door Nereides. The relief on the left attached pillar La Belle Heaulmière and above that pillar Fallen Caryatid. The relief carving I am Beautiful is placed on the upper part of the attached pillar on the right and on the left of The Thinker, the male and female figures separated as Crouching Woman and the man with his body bent back from the upper part of the left door. This large monument was never actually used and it was not cast in bronze during Rodin's lifetime. The Gates were finally cast in the 1920s, and including recent casts, there are now seven Gates in bronze throughout the world. The first two bronzes were cast under commission by Kojiro Matsukata. (Source: Masterpieces of the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 2009, cat. no.129)

Provenance

Bought from Musée Rodin by Kojiro Matsukata, Kobe, ca. October 1920, as ‘Porte de l’Enfer’ (Fr. 600,000) [see minutes of Musée Rodin Board Meeting, 2 Ocrober 1920, in Archives of Musée Rodin, Paris; copy in NMWA curatorial files]; sequestered by French government, 1944; vested in French government under San Francisco Peace Treaty, 1952; transferred from French to Japanese government, 23 January 1959; entered into NMWA, April 1959.

Exhibition History

1960: The Masterpieces of the Ex-Matsukata Collection, National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 14 May 1960 - 10 July 1960, S-45
1966: Rodin, National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 23 July 1966 - 11 September 1966, cat. no. 12
1989: Rodin et la Porte de l’Enfer (Rodin and the Gates of Hell), National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 21 October 1989 - 17 December 1989, cat. no. 1
2006: August Rodin / Eugène Carrière, National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 7 March 2006 - 4 June 2006, cat. no. 69
2012: Traces of Hands: Sculpture and Drawings by Rodin and Bourdelle from the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 3 November 2012 - 27 January 2013, cat. no. 65
2019: The Matsukata Collection: A One-Hundred-Year Odyssey: Upon the 60th Anniversary of the NMWA, The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 11 June 2019 - 23 September 2019, cat. no. 78, col. repr.

Bibliography

1890: Mabilleau, Léopold. Le Salon du Champ de Mars. Gazette des Beaux-Arts. vol. 4, ser. 3, 1890, pp. 474-493.
1900: Fontainas, André, Revue de mois, art moderne. Mercure de France. Vol. 35, Juillet 1900, pp 268-270.
1900: Geffroy, Gustave. Auguste Rodin et son œuvre. La Plume, 1900, p. 36.
1901: Mauclair, Camille. The Decorative Sculpture of Auguste Rodin. The International Monthly. London, Februay 1901, pp. 176-177.
1918: Morey, Charles Rufus. The Art of Auguste Rodin. Art Bulletin. No. 4, September 1918 , pp. 149-150.
1924: Bénédite, Léonce. Le Musée Rodin: Catalogue sommaire des œuvres d'Auguste Rodin et autres œuvres d'art de la donation Rodin. Paris, 1924, no. 256.
1935: Roger-Marx, Claude. Le tableau de salon. Avant la destruction d'un Monde. 1935, p. 180.
1937: Bourdelle, Antoine. La sculpture et Rodin. Emile-Paul, 1937, pp. 141-144.
1960: Elsen, Albert E. Rodin's Gate of Hell. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1960
1965: Elsen, Albert. Auguste Rodin: Reading on his Life and Work. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall; Englewood Cliffs, 1965 , pp. 66-80.
1966: Sutton, Denys. Triumphant Satyr: The World of Auguste Rodin. New York, Hawthorn Books, 1966, no. 15.
1967: Descharnes, Robert. Auguste Rodin. Paris, Edita Lausanne, 1967, pp. 68-105.
1967: Champigneulle, Bernard. Rodin. London, Thames and Hadson, 1967, pp. 127-149.
1969: Jianou, lonel; Goldscheider, C. Rodin. Paris, Arted Editions d'Art, 1969, p. 87, no. 12.
1976: Tancock, John L. The Sculpture of Auguste Rodin. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1976, no. 1.
1977: De Caso; Jacques et Patricia Sanders. Rodin's sculpture: A Critical Study of the Spreckels collection. San Francisco, The Fine Arts Museum, 1977, pp. 121-129.
1980: Elsen, Albert E. In Rodin's Studio: A Photographic Record of Sculpture in the Making. Oxford, Phaidon, 1980, p. 164, no. 18.
1981: Elsen, Albert E. "The Gates of Hell: What they are about and something of their history". Rodin Rediscovered (exh. cat.). Washington, National Gallery of Art, 1981, pp. 63-79.
1983: Schmoll-Eisenwerth J. A. Rodin-Studien. Munich, Prestel-Verlag, 1983, pp. 215-232.
1986: Lampert, Catherine. Rodin Sculpture and Drawing. London, Arts Council of Great Britain, 1986, pp. 43-182.
1987: Facos, Michelle; Ambrosini, Lynne. Rodin: The Cantor Gift to the Brooklyn Museum. New York, The Brooklyn Museum, 1987, pp. 60-93.
1988: Rodin: Selected Works from The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. The National Museum of Western Art ed. Kurayoshi Museum, 1988, nos. 12-23.
1989: Rodin et la Porte de l'Enfer (exh. cat.). The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 1989
1990: The Old Matsukata Collection. Kobe City Museum, ed. Kobe, "Matsukata Korekushon Ten" Jikkoiinkai, 1990, cat. no. S-59.
1991: Auguste Rodin: Das Höllentor: Zeichnungen und Plastik (exh. cat.). München, Prestel-Verlag, 1991
1993: Butler, Ruth. Rodin: The Shape of Genius. New Heaven/ London, Yale University Press, 1993, pp. 141-149, 151-157, 214-225.
1993: Martinez, Rose-Marie. Rodin: L'artiste face à l'état. Nouvelles éditions Séguier, 1993, pp. 174-176.
1994: Elsen, Albert E. "The Mondernity of Rodin's Gate of Hell". Symposium: The Modernity of Rodin. Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, 1994 , pp. 136-142.
1994: Levkoff, Mary L. Rodin in his Time. Los Angeles, Museum Associates; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1994, pp. 54-57.
1994: A.Rodin Wing. Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, 1994, pp. 68-75.
1996: Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette. Rodin: le musée et ses collections. Paris, Éditions Scala; Musée Rodin, 1996, pp. 33-43.
1997: Rodin and Michelangelo: A Study in Artistic Inspiration. Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1997, pp. 44-47, 60-67, 212-215.
1999: Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette. Rodin: La Porte de l'Enfer. Paris, Musée Rodin, 1999
2001: Rodin en 1900: l'exposition de l'alma (exh. cat.). Musée du Luxembourg, 12 March - 15 July 2001, Paris, Réunion des musées nationaux, 2001, no. 81.
2001: Rodin Sculpture and Drawings (exh. cat.). Canberra, National Gallery of Australia, 2001, pp. 26-41.
2001: Audeh, Aida. "Rodin's Gates of Hell: Sculptural illustration od Dante's Divine Comedy". Rodin A Magnificent Obsession. Ross, Iain; Snow, Anthea eds. London, Merrell, 2001, pp. 93-126.
2002: Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette. Rodin: La porte de l'enfer. Paris, Editions du musée Rodin, 2002
2003: Elsen, Albert. Rodin's Art: The Rodin Collection of the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University. Barryte, Bernard ed. New York, Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 40-53, 155-174, no. 37.
2004: Mitchell, Claudine. Rodin: The Zola of Sculpture. Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing, 2004, pp. 24-28, 73-94.
2005: Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette. "Jigoku no Mon: Rodin no Raifuwaku". Le parcours d'un génie. Kyoto, Tankosya, 2005, pp. 114-128.
2005: Le parcours d'un génie. Kyoto, Tankosya, 2005, pp. 354-355, no. 18.
2006: Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2006 (Japanese, preface in Japanese and English), no. 129, repr.
2009: Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2009, no. 129, repr.
2013: Masterpieces: The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2013 (Japanese, preface in Japanese and English), no. 129, col. repr.
2019: The Matsukata Collection: Complete Catalogue of the European Art. Kawaguchi, Masako; Jingaoka, Megumi, eds. vol. 2: Sculpture, Drawings, Prints and Decorative Arts and Other Works, Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 2019, cat. no. 1293, col. repr.
2019: The Matsukata Collection: A One-Hundred-Year Odyssey (exh. cat.). Jingaoka, Megumi, ed. Tokyo, The National Museum of the Western Art, Tokyo; Yomiuri Shimbun; NHK; NHK Promotions, 2019, pp. 160-161, 362, cat. no. 78, col. repr.

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