更新日 2025.04.17 | 17 April 2025
展示中 企画展示館展示室 | Special Exhibition Wing
展示中
企画展示館展示室
Jusepe de Ribera
Xàtiva, 1591 - Naples, 1652
哲学者クラテース Philosopher Crates
| 制作年 | 1636年 |
|---|---|
| 材質・技法・形状 | 油彩、カンヴァス |
| 寸法（cm） | 124 x 98.5 |
| 署名・年記 | 右下に署名、年記、題名: Josephf de Ribera español /.F. 1636 / crate tebano |
| Standard ref. | Spinosa A216 |
| 分類 | 絵画 |
| 所蔵番号 | P.1989-0001 |
リベーラはスペイン人ながらイタリアのナポリで活躍した画家で、カトリック聖人の劇的な殉教図や、「乞食哲学者」と称される一連の古代哲学者像に歴史上重要な功績を残しました。本作は後者の好例で、描かれているのはテーバイの哲学者クラテースです。犬儒学派の哲学者であった彼は、財産を棄てて托鉢生活を送り、ストア学派の祖ゼノンの師となっただけでなく、醜い容貌の持ち主としても知られた人物です。 リベーラは、古代の哲学者を古代風の衣装と類型化された風貌によってではなく、当世風の質素な――時にはっきりとみすぼらしい――身なりをした実在の男性をモデルに、写実的に表すことによって新たな表現方法を確立したのです。こうした哲学者像は評判を呼び、とりわけナポリでは17世紀を通じて繰り返し制作されました。 （出典: 展示室作品解説パネル）
来歴
Prinz Karl Eusebius von Liechtenstein, 1637, and his successors, until 1950; Private Coll., since 1950; Galerie Nathan, Zürich; Purchased by the NMWA, 1989.
展覧会歴
- 1948
- Meisterwerke aus den Sammlungen des Fürsten von Liechtenstein, Kunstmuseum Luzern, 1948年0月0日-1948年0月0日, cat. no. N. A. 1.
- 1992
- Jusepe de Ribera: 1591-1652, メトロポリタン美術館, 1992年9月18日-1992年11月29日, cat. no. 39, repr. color.
- 1997
- 国立西洋美術館展─愛と生命の響き: ルネサンスから近代への西洋美術の流れ, 新潟県立近代美術館, 1997年4月12日-1997年5月18日, cat. no. 2
- 2015
- NO MUSEUM, NO LIFE?：これからの美術館事典：国立美術館コレクションによる展覧会, 東京国立近代美術館, 2015年6月16日-2015年9月13日, cat. no. T-1
- 2023
- 鴨居玲のスペイン時代：スペイン・バロックの巨匠ジュゼペ・デ・リベーラの作品とともに：国立美術館 コレクション・プラス, 長崎県美術館, 2023年4月7日-2023年6月11日
文献歴
- 1767
- Fanti, Vincenzio. Descrizzione completa di tutto ciò che ritrovasi nella galleria di pittura e scultura di sua altezza Giuseppe Wenceslao del S.R.I. principe regnante della casa di Liechtenstein. Wien, 1767, p. 105, no. 533.
- 1780
- Dallinger, J. Description des tableaux et de pièces de sculpture, que renferme la gallerie de son altesse François Joseph Chef et Prince regnant de la Maison de Liechtenstein. Wien, 1780, p. 169, no. 573.
- 1873
- Falke, J. von. Katalog der Fürstlich Liechtensteinischen Bildergalerie im Gartenpalais der Rossau zu Wien. Wien, 1873, p. 45, no. 374 (as unknown philosopher).
- 1908
- Mayer, August L. Jusepe de Ribera (Lo Spagnoletto). Leipzig, 1908, p. 188 (as philosopher).
- 1927
- Kronfeld, Adolf. Führer durch die Fürstlich Liechtensteinsche Gemäldegalerie in Wien. 2nd. ed, Wien, 1927, p. 80, no. A55 (as unknown philosopher).
- 1931
- Kronfeld, Adolf. Führer durch die Fürstlich Liechtensteinsche Gemäldegalerie in Wien. 3rd. ed, Wien, 1931, p. 84, no. A374 (as unknown philosopher).
- 1958
- Turner, Evan H. Ribera's Philosophers. Wadsworth Atheneum Bulletin. Spring, 1958, p. 5.
- 1982
- Jusepe de Ribera, lo Spagnoletto (exh cat.). Felton, Craig; Jordan, William B, eds. Kimbell Art Museum, Fortworth, 1982, pp. 152-153.
- 1986
- Felton, Craig. Ribera's 'Philosophers' for the Prince of Liechtenstein. The Burlington Magazine. vol. 128, no. 1004, Nov. 1986, pp. 785-789.
- 1990
- 国立西洋美術館新収蔵絵画目録: 昭和54年-平成元年. 東京, 国立西洋美術館, 1990, pp. 55-56, repr.
- 1992
- 国立西洋美術館年報. Nos. 23-24 (1988-89), 1992, 雪山行二. 新収作品解説. pp. 2, col. repr., 19-26, 新収作品目録. pp. 44-45, repr.
- 1994
- 河口公生. リベーラ《哲学者クラテース》修復処置報告. 国立西洋美術館年報. Nos. 25-26 (April 1990-March 1992), 1994, pp. 35-41. col. repr.
- 2006
- 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 国立西洋美術館; 東京, 西洋美術振興財団, 2006, no. 44, col. repr.
- 2009
- Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2009, no. 44, col. repr.
- 2013
- 国立西洋美術館名作選. 東京, 西洋美術振興財団, 2013, no. 33, col. repr.
On Display
Special Exhibition Wing
Philosopher Crates
| Date | 1636 |
|---|---|
| Materials and Techniques | oil on canvas |
| Size（cm） | 124 x 98.5 |
| Inscriptions | Signed, dated and titled lower right: Josephf de Ribera español /.F. 1636 / crate tebano |
| Credit Line | Purchased |
| Standard ref. | Spinosa A216 |
| Category | Paintings |
| Collection Number | P.1989-0001 |
This canvas is one work from a noteworthy series by Ribera, painted primarily in the 1630s, representing the famous philosophers of antiquity. Each image in the series is minutely worked to reveal the philosophy and character of its subject, an approach that would have appealed to the humanists of the day. However, Ribera distanced himself from the traditional iconographic framework for such images, and in spite of the fact that these works were meant to represent wise men, he painted from actual models and rejected all idealization as he created powerful depictions of their actual figures. If the inscription on the lower right of this painting is reliable, this canvas depicts the Theban philosopher Crates. This philospher, a Cynic active around 320 B. C., is known to have been the student of Diogenes and the teacher of Zeno, the founder of Stoicism. Crates abandoned his property to become a mendicant and the author of didactic parodies, tragedies and dramas. Crates is known to have been a kind, wise and fascinating character with an ugly face. However, the man shown here is not particularly ugly in Ribera's philosopher series. This painting is known to have been in the collection of the Prince of Lichtenstein in the mid 18th century, and judging from historical documents, it is surmised to have been one of a series of six works painted for the Prince in 1636-37. Today this series is divided between museums in the west and the NMWA. All six works were gathered for display in 1992 when the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, held an exhibition on Ribera. That opportunity to view the six works together revealed that there are slight differences in the styles of the six works, and thus it is clear that some of the paintings involved work by Ribera's studio. Of the six works, the NMWA's image of Crates was particularly noteworthy for its powerful, true touch. (Source: Masterpieces of the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, 2009, cat. no.44)
Provenance
Prinz Karl Eusebius von Liechtenstein, 1637, and his successors, until 1950; Private Coll., since 1950; Galerie Nathan, Zürich; Purchased by the NMWA, 1989.
Exhibition History
- 1948
- Meisterwerke aus den Sammlungen des Fürsten von Liechtenstein, Kunstmuseum Luzern, 0 1948 - 0 1948, cat. no. N. A. 1.
- 1992
- Jusepe de Ribera: 1591-1652, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 18 September 1992 - 29 November 1992, cat. no. 39, repr. color.
- 1997
- Resonating Love and Life: European Art from National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, The Niigata Prefectural Museum of Modern Art, Nagaoka, 12 April 1997 - 18 May 1997, cat. no. 2
- 2015
- NO MUSEUM, NO LIFE?: Art-Museum Encyclopedia to Come: From the Collections of the National Museums of Art, The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, 16 June 2015 - 13 September 2015, cat. no. T-1
- 2023
- Rey Camoi's Spanish Period: with the Work of the Baroque Master Jusepe de Ribera: the National Museum of Art Collection Plus Program, Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum, 7 April 2023 - 11 June 2023
Bibliography
- 1767
- Fanti, Vincenzio. Descrizzione completa di tutto ciò che ritrovasi nella galleria di pittura e scultura di sua altezza Giuseppe Wenceslao del S.R.I. principe regnante della casa di Liechtenstein. Wien, 1767, p. 105, no. 533.
- 1780
- Dallinger, J. Description des tableaux et de pièces de sculpture, que renferme la gallerie de son altesse François Joseph Chef et Prince regnant de la Maison de Liechtenstein. Wien, 1780, p. 169, no. 573.
- 1873
- Falke, J. von. Katalog der Fürstlich Liechtensteinischen Bildergalerie im Gartenpalais der Rossau zu Wien. Wien, 1873, p. 45, no. 374 (as unknown philosopher).
- 1908
- Mayer, August L. Jusepe de Ribera (Lo Spagnoletto). Leipzig, 1908, p. 188 (as philosopher).
- 1927
- Kronfeld, Adolf. Führer durch die Fürstlich Liechtensteinsche Gemäldegalerie in Wien. 2nd. ed, Wien, 1927, p. 80, no. A55 (as unknown philosopher).
- 1931
- Kronfeld, Adolf. Führer durch die Fürstlich Liechtensteinsche Gemäldegalerie in Wien. 3rd. ed, Wien, 1931, p. 84, no. A374 (as unknown philosopher).
- 1958
- Turner, Evan H. Ribera's Philosophers. Wadsworth Atheneum Bulletin. Spring, 1958, p. 5.
- 1982
- Jusepe de Ribera, lo Spagnoletto (exh cat.). Felton, Craig; Jordan, William B, eds. Kimbell Art Museum, Fortworth, 1982, pp. 152-153.
- 1986
- Felton, Craig. Ribera's 'Philosophers' for the Prince of Liechtenstein. The Burlington Magazine. vol. 128, no. 1004, Nov. 1986, pp. 785-789.
- 1990
- Catalogue of painting acquisitions: 1979-1989. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art, 1990, pp. 55-56, repr.
- 1992
- Annual bulletin of the National Museum of Western Art. Nos. 23-24 (1989-90), 1992, Yukiyama, Koji. New Acquisitions 1988-89. pp. 2, col. repr., 19-26, Catalogue of the New Acquisitions 1988-89. pp. 44-45, repr.
- 1994
- Kawaguchi, Kimio. Restoration of "Portrait of Philosopher Crates" by Juseph de Ribera. Annual bulletin of the National Museum of Western Art. Nos. 25-26 (April 1990-March 1992), 1994, pp. 35-41. col. repr.
- 2006
- Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2006 (Japanese, preface in Japanese and English), no. 44, col. repr.
- 2009
- Masterpieces of The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The National Museum of Western Art; Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2009, no. 44, col. repr.
- 2013
- Masterpieces: The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Tokyo, The Western Art Foundation, 2013 (Japanese, preface in Japanese and English), no. 33, col. repr.